Device and method for treating vascular insufficiency

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of valve repair systems, leaflet clip devices, and methods of reducing regurgitation through a native heart valve are disclosed. A valve repair system can include a delivery apparatus and a leaflet clip device that is coupled to the delivery apparatus. The leaflet clip device can comprise an elongated clipping member, and a tensioning mechanism. One or more tensioning members are operatively connected to the tensioning mechanism to transform the clipping member from a delivery configuration to an implantation configuration. The one or more tensioning members can include a first tensioning member having a distal end portion that is connected to a first end portion of the clipping member and a second tensioning member having a distal end portion that is connected to a second end portion of the clipping member.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/619,220, filed Jun. 9, 2017, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/359,608, filedJul. 7, 2016, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to devices and methods of treating heart valveinsufficiency.

BACKGROUND

Heart valve insufficiency typically involves regurgitation of bloodthrough a heart valve that is unable to close completely or properly,resulting in impaired cardiovascular function. Valvular insufficiencycan affect, for example, the mitral valve, the aortic valve, or thetricuspid valve, and can be associated with calcified or prolapsedleaflets, and/or expansion or deformation of the valve annulus. Onemethod of treating heart valve insufficiency is to employ one or moreleaflet clips to improve coaptation of the native valve leaflets.However, conventional leaflet clips can be difficult to implant, caninterfere with the function of or damage associated valve structuressuch as chordae, and are frequently limited to use with a single type ofheart valve. Accordingly, improvements to devices and methods oftreating heart valve insufficiency are desirable.

SUMMARY

An exemplary embodiment of a leaflet clip device can comprise anelongated clipping member having a first end portion and a second endportion and a tensioning mechanism coupled to the clipping member. Theleaflet clip device can further comprise one or more tensioning membersdisposed within a lumen of the clipping member, wherein the one or moretensioning members are operatively connected to the tensioning mechanismto transform the clipping member from a delivery configuration to animplantation configuration. Some embodiments of the clip device mayfurther comprise a retaining mechanism disposed within the lumen of theclipping member, wherein the retaining mechanism retains the shape ofthe clipping member in the implantation configuration.

In some embodiments of the clip device, the clipping member cancompromise a shape memory material. Additionally and/or alternatively,the tensioning mechanism can be centrally coupled to the clipping memberwith respect to the first end and the second end. In some embodiments,the one or more tensioning members can comprises a first tensioningmember fixed at a distal end portion thereof to the first end portion ofthe clipping member and operatively connected to the tensioningmechanism at a proximal end portion of the first tensioning member, anda second tensioning member fixed at a distal end portion thereof to thesecond end portion of the clipping member and operatively connected tothe tensioning mechanism at a proximal end portion of the secondtensioning member. In some embodiments of the clip device, rotation ofat least a portion of the tensioning mechanism can cause tensioning ofthe one or more tensioning members.

In some embodiments of the clip device, the implantation configurationcan comprise a primary clipping region defined between two leg portionsof the clipping member. Additionally and/or alternatively, thetensioning mechanism can comprise a retaining mechanism configured toretain the clipping member in the implantation configuration.Additionally and/or alternatively, the one or more tensioning memberscan extend through a portion of the tensioning mechanism. Additionallyand/or alternatively, the one or more tensioning members are fixed atone end to a portion of the tensioning mechanism.

Additionally and/or alternatively, an exemplary leaflet clip device cancomprise a clipping member comprising a tubular body having a lumen andtwo leg portions, wherein the clipping member can be transformed betweena substantially linear delivery configuration and an implantationconfiguration in which the leg portions are drawn toward each other tocapture a pair of leaflets between the leg portions and a tensioningmechanism configured to transform the clipping member from the deliveryconfiguration to the implantation configuration. Additionally and/oralternatively, the clip device can further comprise one or more cordsdisposed within the lumen of the clipping member, wherein the one ormore cords are operatively connected to the tensioning mechanism totransform the clipping member from the delivery configuration to theimplantation configuration. Additionally and/or alternatively, rotationof at least a portion of the tensioning mechanism can cause tensioningof the one or more cords, which causes the clipping member to transformfrom the delivery configuration to the implantation configuration.

In some embodiments of the clip device, the tensioning mechanism cancomprise a screw and a nut, the one or more cords being connected to thenut such that rotation of the screw causes the nut to move axially alongthe screw and apply tension to the one or more cords. In someembodiments the leaflet clip device can further comprise a retainingmechanism disposed within the lumen of the clipping member, wherein theretaining mechanism retains the clipping member in the implantationconfiguration.

Additionally and/or alternatively, the tubular body can comprise a metaltube having circumferential slots axially spaced along the length of thetubular body. Additionally and/or alternatively, the clipping member inthe implantation configuration can have the shape of the Greek letteromega. Additionally and/or alternatively, when the clipping member is inthe implantation configuration, the leg portions can extend toward eachother from respective ends of an intermediate portion of the tubularbody to define a clipping region for capturing the pair of leaflets,with the leg portions extending away from each other moving a directionaway from the clipping region.

An exemplary method of reducing regurgitation through a native heartvalve can comprise positioning a leaflet clip device adjacent thecoaptation edges of two adjacent leaflets of the heart valve, whereinthe leaflet clip device comprises a clipping member and first and secondtensioning members disposed within a lumen of the clipping member, thefirst tensioning member fixed to a first end portion of the clippingmember and the second tensioning member fixed to a second end portion ofthe clipping member, and applying tension to the tensioning members totransform the clipping member from a delivery configuration to animplantation configuration in which the coaptation edges of the leafletsare captured between two leg portions of the clipping member.

Additionally and/or alternatively, applying tension can include rotatinga tensioning mechanism operatively coupled to the first and secondtensioning members. In some embodiments the method can comprise engaginga retaining mechanism to retain the clipping member in the implantationconfiguration. Additionally and/or alternatively, the clipping membercan have a substantially linear shape in the delivery configuration.

The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of theinvention will become more apparent from the following detaileddescription, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a representative embodiment of a leafletclip device with a portion of a tensioning mechanism broken away forpurposes of illustration.

FIG. 2 is enlarged portion of a clipping member of the clip device ofFIG. 1, shown partially broken away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged portion of the leaflet clip device of FIG. 1,shown partially broken away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another representative embodiment of aleaflet clip device having a plurality of integral clipping members forengaging multiple pairs of leaflets.

FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of another representative embodiment ofa leaflet clip device.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a representative embodiment of a leafletclip device implanted in the native aortic valve.

FIG. 7 is a side view of a delivery apparatus and leaflet clip deviceloaded in the delivery apparatus for delivery into a patient's body.

FIG. 8 is a front elevation view of another representative embodiment ofa leaflet clip device.

FIG. 9 is a front elevation view of another representative embodiment ofa leaflet clip device.

FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of a screw of the leaflet clip deviceillustrated in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a front elevation view of another representative embodimentof a leaflet clip device.

FIG. 12 is a front elevation view of another representative embodimentof a leaflet clip device.

FIG. 13 is a front view of a clipping member formed from a laser cutmetal tube, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 14 illustrates a cut pattern for laser cutting a metal tube to forma clipping member, such as shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a portion of the cut pattern shown inFIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a front view of a clipping member formed from a laser cutmetal tube, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a portion of a cut pattern for lasercutting a metal tube to form a clipping member, such as shown in FIG.16.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For purposes of this description, certain aspects, advantages, and novelfeatures of the embodiments of this disclosure are described herein. Thedisclosed methods, apparatuses, and systems should not be construed aslimiting in any way. Instead, the present disclosure is directed towardall novel and nonobvious features and aspects of the various disclosedembodiments, alone and in various combinations and sub-combinations withone another. The methods, apparatus, and systems are not limited to anyspecific aspect or feature or combination thereof, nor do the disclosedembodiments require that any one or more specific advantages be presentor problems be solved.

Features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties orgroups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment orexample are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect,embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith.All of the features disclosed in this specification (including anyaccompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps ofany method or process so disclosed, can be combined in any combination,except combinations where at least some of such features and/or stepsare mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the detailsof any disclosed embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, orany novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification(including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to anynovel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method orprocess so disclosed.

Although the operations of some of the disclosed methods are describedin a particular, sequential order for convenient presentation, it shouldbe understood that this manner of description encompasses rearrangement,unless a particular ordering is required by specific language set forthbelow. For example, operations described sequentially can in some casesbe rearranged or performed concurrently. Moreover, for the sake ofsimplicity, the attached figures cannot show the various ways in whichthe disclosed methods can be used in conjunction with other methods.Additionally, the description sometimes uses terms like “provide” or“achieve” to describe the disclosed methods. These terms are high-levelabstractions of the actual operations that are performed. The actualoperations that correspond to these terms can vary depending on theparticular implementation and are readily discernible by one of ordinaryskill in the art.

As used in this application and in the claims, the singular forms “a,”“an,” and “the” include the plural forms unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Additionally, the term “includes” means “comprises.”Further, the terms “coupled” and “associated” generally meanelectrically, electromagnetically, and/or physically (e.g., mechanicallyor chemically) coupled or linked and does not exclude the presence ofintermediate elements between the coupled or associated items absentspecific contrary language.

As used herein, the term “proximal” refers to a position, direction, orportion of a device that is closer to the user and further away from theimplantation site. As used herein, the term “distal” refers to aposition, direction, or portion of a device that is further away fromthe user and closer to the implantation site. Thus, for example,proximal motion of a device is motion of the device toward the user,while distal motion of the device is motion of the device away from theuser. The terms “longitudinal” and “axial” refer to an axis extending inthe proximal and distal directions, unless otherwise expressly defined.

As used herein, the terms “integrally formed” and “unitary construction”refer to a construction that does not include any welds, fasteners, orother means for securing separately formed pieces of material to eachother.

FIG. 1 illustrates a representative embodiment of a leaflet clip device10. The clip device 10 in the illustrated embodiments comprises anelongate clipping member 12 and a tensioning mechanism 14. The clippingmember 12 can comprise an elongate generally tubular or cylindrical bodyhaving a first end portion 16, a second end portion 18, a lumen 20extending from the first end portion 16 to the second end portion 18.The tensioning mechanism 14 can comprise one or more cords or tensioningmembers 22 disposed within the lumen 20 of the clipping member 12. Asused herein, the term “tensioning member” or “cord” refers to a slenderlength of material that can be formed from a single wire, strand, fiber,or filament, or can comprise multiple wires, strands, fibers, orfilaments.

The clipping member 12 can be transformed from a delivery configurationto an implantation configuration, and vice versa. In the deliveryconfiguration, the clipping member 12 can be in a substantiallylongitudinally extended or straightened configuration (see FIG. 7). Inthe implantation configuration (see FIG. 1), two portions of theclipping member 12 are drawn toward each other forming a primaryclipping region 24, such that a portion of one or more native valveleaflets can be captured, or pinched, between the two portions of theclipping member within the primary clipping region (see FIG. 6).

The clipping member 12 in the illustrated embodiment has a shape similarto the Greek letter “omega” in the implanted configuration. Inparticular, the clipping member 12 can have an intermediate portion 26(which can extend linearly as shown or can be curved) and first andsecond leg portions 28, 30, respectively, which extend toward each othermoving in a direction extending away from respective ends of theintermediate portion 26 to form the clipping region 24. The leg portions28, 30 then extend away from each other moving in a direction extendingaway from the clipping region 24. Other delivery configurations for theclipping member 12 are also possible. For example, the clipping member12 can be folded in half such that the first and second leg portions 28,30 are straightened and extend parallel and side-to-side with respect toeach other in the delivery configuration.

The leaflet clip device 10, and any of the other leaflet clipembodiments described herein, can be used to treat valvularinsufficiency or regurgitation by remodeling the annulus and/or theleaflets of a heart valve. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates a leafletclip device 10 situated in a native aortic valve 200. The native aorticvalve 200 can include three valve leaflets 210, 212, 214 attached to avalve annulus 216. The valve leaflets 210 and 212 can form a firstcommissure 218, the leaflets 212 and 214 can form a second commissure220, and the leaflets 210 and 214 can form a third commissure 222.

The leaflet clip device 10 is shown situated adjacent the firstcommissure 218, such that the leaflet clip device 10 engages theleaflets 210 and 212. The leaflet clip device 10 is also shown situatednear the wall of the valve annulus 216. In this manner, the leaflet clip10 can improve coaptation of the leaflets 210, 212 at the commissure218, thereby reducing regurgitation through the valve 200 due tovalvular insufficiency. Additionally, although the leaflet clip 10 isshown clipped to the respective valve leaflets adjacent the annulus 216,the leaflet clip 10 can be clipped to the valve leaflets at any suitablelocation along the leaflets, including at the center of the nativevalve, as desired.

Although one clip device 10 is shown implanted in the native aorticvalve, a plurality of leaflet clips 10 can be implanted to reducedilatation of the annulus 216 and/or to address abnormalities in theshape of the annulus 216. For example, a leaflet clip 10 can beimplanted on each pair of leaflets, for example, at each commissure 218,220, 222. Alternatively or additionally, multiple clip devices 10 can beimplanted along the coaptation edges of a pair of adjacent leaflets. Forexample, multiple clip devices 10 can be implanted along the coaptationedges of leaflets 210, 212.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the tensioning mechanism 14 can beoperatively coupled to the clipping member 12 via the tensioning members22, which apply tension to the clipping member 12 to transform theclipping member 12 from the delivery configuration to the implantationconfiguration and/or to bring the leg portions 28, 30 closer together tothe final implantation configuration after partial deployment from thedelivery configuration, as further described below.

In particular embodiments of the leaflet clip device 10, the clippingmember 12 can be formed (e.g., laser cut) from a metal tube, such asshown in FIGS. 13 and 16. The tube can be formed with a plurality ofslots or cuts along the length of the tube to promote bending of thetube from the delivery configuration to the implantation configuration.

In some embodiments, the clipping member 12 can be formed from anonlinearly elastic, super-elastic, and/or shape-memory material, suchas Nitinol, and is shape set in the implantation configuration. Theclipping member 12 can be retained in the delivery configuration duringdelivery of the device within a patient's body, such as with a sheath ofa delivery apparatus, and when released from the delivery configuration,the clipping member 12 automatically reverts back toward theimplantation configuration. In some embodiments, the clipping member 12can self-deploy under its own resiliency from the delivery configurationto a partially deployed configuration such that the leg portions 28, 30are spaced apart from each other at the clipping region 24. Thetensioning mechanism 14 can then be used to draw the leg portions 28, 30closer together to the implantation configuration shown in FIG. 1 withsufficient force to engage and anchor itself onto a pair of native valveleaflets. In other embodiments, the clipping member can be shape set ina substantially straight or linear deliver configuration and thetensioning mechanism 14 is used to deform or bend the clipping memberfrom the delivery configuration to the implantation configuration.

In alternative embodiments, the clip device 10 does not have atensioning mechanism 14 and the shape-memory material of the clippingmember 12 causes the clipping member 12 to transform from the deliveryconfiguration to the implantation configuration under its own resiliencyand provide sufficient force against the native leaflets to anchor theclipping member 12 onto a pair of the native leaflets without a separatetensioning mechanism.

In other embodiments, the clipping member 12 can be formed from alinearly elastic material, such as stainless steel or cobalt chromiumalloy. In such embodiments, the tensioning mechanism 14 can be used totransform or deform the clipping member 12 from the deliveryconfiguration to the implantation configuration. Linearly elasticmetals, such as stainless steel or cobalt chromium alloy, also deformplastically after an applied force exceeds a predetermined threshold. Insome embodiments, the tensioning mechanism 14 can be used to plasticallydeform the clipping member 12 as it is deformed from the deliveryconfiguration to the implantation configuration.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a clipping member 12 formed from alaser cut metal tube. FIG. 14 shows an exemplary cut pattern for themetal tube used to form the clipping member 12 shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 15is an enlarged view of a portion of the cut pattern shown in FIG. 14.Although not shown, the clipping member can include a covering extendingover and covering the outer surface of the metal tube. The covering cancomprise a suitable fabric (e.g., a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)fabric), non-fabric polymeric materials (e.g., polyurethane orsilicone), or natural tissue (e.g., pericardium tissue)

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a series of axially-spaced, circumferentialcuts can be formed in the clipping member 12 at selected locations.Along the leg portions 28, 30, the cuts form a series of circumferentialgaps 80 with tabs 82 and notches 84 on opposite sides of centralportions of the gaps 80. In the illustrated embodiment, the clippingmember 12 has no or substantially no shape memory toward theimplantation configuration and is shown in FIG. 13 in its naturalresting state prior to being transformed into the implantationconfiguration. The clipping member in this example can comprise, forexample, a stainless steel or cobalt chromium alloy metal tube. Byapplication of forces to the clipping member 12, as further describedbelow, it can be transformed from a substantially straight or linearconfiguration to the implantation configuration shown in FIG. 1. Thegaps 80 promote bending of the clipping member as it is bent into theimplantation configuration. The tabs 82 can reside in correspondingnotches 84 to resist undesirable torqueing of the clipping member as itis transformed into the implantation configuration.

FIG. 16 shows another example of a clipping member 12 formed from alaser cut metal tube. The clipping member 12 of FIG. 16 can besubstantially the same as the clipping member of FIG. 13 except that thecircumferential cuts form mating features that help maintain the shapeof the clipping member when being transformed into the implantationconfiguration. In particular, as shown in FIG. 17, the cuts form aseries of circumferential gaps 86 with tabs 88 and notches 90 onopposite sides of central portions of the gaps 86. The tabs 88 havenon-linear opposing edges 92 that can engage similarly shaped non-linearedges 94 of the notches 90 when the clipping member is bent toward theimplantation configuration. The edges 92 of the tabs 88 can frictionallyengage the edges 94 of the notches 90 to resist straightening of theclipping member back toward the delivery configuration. FIG. 16 showsthe clipping member retained in a partially deployed state by theretaining features of the cuts without application of other forces onthe clipping member. In some embodiments, the retaining features of thecuts can be configured to retain the shape of the clipping member in theimplantation configuration shown in FIG. 1.

When the clipping member 12 is in the implanted configuration, theclipping strength of the leaflet clip device can be determined. As usedherein, the terms “clip retention force” and “clipping strength” referto a force in the proximal direction that can be withstood by a leafletclip device without disengaging from the leaflets of a heart valve whenthe clipping member is in the implantation configuration. In someembodiments, the clip device and/or a delivery apparatus for the clipdevice can include a strain gauge or equivalent device that is operableto measure the retention force of the leaflet clip device 10.

The tensioning mechanism 14 can be configured to permit fine closuremovement of the leaflet clip device to the implantation configuration.In particular embodiments, the clip retention force can be completelycontrollable via the tensioning mechanism 14. For example, in theembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the tensioning mechanism 14 cancomprise a screw 32 and a moveable element such as a nut 34, which isthreadably engaged with and moveable along the length of the screw 32.The tensioning mechanism 14 can further include a housing 54 containingthe screw 32 and the nut 34, and two plates or bars 56 on opposite sidesof the nut 34. The plates 56 contact adjacent surfaces of the nut 34 andprevent rotation of the nut 34 upon rotation of the screw 32. Hence,rotation of the screw 32 produces axial movement of the nut 34 along thelength of the screw within the housing 54.

The screw 32 can have a proximal end portion 58 that can be releasablyconnected to a delivery apparatus or another tool that can bemanipulated to rotate the screw 32. For example, a rotatable shaft of adelivery apparatus or another tool can have a distal end portionreleasable connected to the proximal end portion 58 of the screw 32. Theproximal end portion of the shaft can be rotated by a user (eithermanually or by activating a motor that rotates the shaft), which in turnrotates the screw 32.

A first cord 22 a can have a distal end portion 36 attached to the firstend portion 16 of the clipping member 12 and a second cord 22 b can havea distal end portion 38 attached to the second end portion 18 of theclipping member 12. The distal end portions 36, 38 of the cords 22 a, 22b can be fixedly secured to portions of the clipping member 12, such asby welding the distal end portions 36, 38 to the luminal surface of theclipping member 12. Proximal end portions 40, 42 of the first and secondcords 22 a, 22 b can be fixedly secured to the nut 34, for example, byplacing the proximal end portions 40, 42 into respective bores 60 in thenut 34 and welding them into place. Tension can be applied to the firstand second cords 22 a, 22 b by movement of the nut 34 away from theclipping member 12 along the length of the screw 32 in the proximaldirection, as indicated by arrow 62. Tension on the first and secondcords 22 a, 22 b can be released or eased by movement of the nut 34towards the clipping member 12 in the distal direction, as indicated byarrow 64.

Tensioning of the cords 22 a, 22 b is effective to apply a compressiveor buckling force to the leg portions 28, 30, which causes the legportions to buckle at the clipping region 24 and/or cause the legportions to be drawn closer together at the clipping region and applysufficient retention force against the native leaflets along thecoaptation edges of the leaflets. Further tensioning of the cords 22 a,22 b can permit manipulation of the intermediate portion 26 of theclipping member to perform reshaping of the cusp region of the nativevalve. As noted above, the clipping member 12 can be comprised of flexcuts and/or thinning of tube material at predetermined locations alongthe clipping member 12 where bending of the clipping member 12 isdesired, for example thinning and/or flex cuts at bends 44, 66. Thelength, positioning, frequency, and amount of material removal of theflex cuts can allow for a multitude of options to produce flexion inspecific areas in a defined sequence, location, resolution, and with adefined curvature.

Fine closure movement of the leaflet clip device 10 can depend on thepitch of threading of the screw 32. For example, a relatively smallerpitch will increase the amount of control over the spacing between theleg portions 28, 30 at the clipping region 24 and the retention forceapplied to a pair of native leaflets.

In lieu of or in addition to locking flex cuts (as shown in FIG. 17),some embodiments of the leaflet clip device 10 can include one or moreretaining features to help retain the clipping member 12 in itsimplantation configuration. For example, the clipping member 12 cancomprise a retaining mechanism 46 at each bend 44, which retains thatportion of the clipping member in its deformed state once apredetermined angle of curvature in the clipping member 12 is reached.As shown in FIG. 2, each locking mechanism 46 can be disposed within thelumen of the clipping member 12 at bends 44. Each locking mechanism 46can include at least a first locking member 48 and a second lockingmember 50 configured to move relative to each other as the clippingmember is transformed from the delivery configuration to theimplantation configuration. The locking members 48, 50 can have opposingedges having complimentary shapes that nest against each other in theimplantation configuration. For example, the first locking member 48 canhave a notch 68 that receives a projection 70 of the second lockingmember 50.

When the clipping member 12 is substantially straightened in thedelivery configuration, the locking members 48, 50 are placed in anoverlapping position relative to each and can slide against one anotheras the clipping member 12 moves toward the implantation configuration.When the bend 44 reaches a predetermined curvature, for example when theimplantation configuration is reached, and the projection 70 moves intoengagement within the notch 68, as shown in FIG. 2. The locking members48, 50 can be biased laterally against each other to force theprojection 70 to engage the notch 68. Engagement of the locking members48, 50 resists further bending of the clipping member at bend 44 beyondthe implantation configuration and bending of the clipping member backtoward the delivery configuration at bend 44. The retaining members 46can decrease the load placed on the cords 22 a, 22 b and can increasethe ability of the clip device to maintain a consistent retention forceon the leaflets for a longer period of time.

Additionally and/or alternative, the tensioning mechanism 14 can alsoinclude a retaining or locking mechanism for retaining the clippingmember 12 in the implantation configuration. For example, the tensioningmechanism 14 can retain the clipping member in the implantationconfiguration due to the balance of tension forces in the one or morecords 22 with the frictional forces between the screw 32 and the nut 34.In this manner, the screw 32 and the nut 34 serve as a retainingmechanism. Additionally and/or alternatively, a variable pitch screw canprovide a retaining mechanism whereby a nut 34 can travel along a firstportion of the screw having a first pitch and then locks onto or createsa mechanical interference with a second portion of the screw having asecond pitch different than the first pitch, as further described belowin connection with FIGS. 9-10.

FIG. 7 shows the distal end portion of a delivery apparatus 400 fordelivering and implanting a clip device 10 percutaneously within apatient's body, according to one embodiment. The delivery apparatus cancomprise an outer sheath 402, a first shaft 404 extending through thesheath 402, and a second shaft 406 extending through the first shaft404. The sheath 402 has a lumen sized to receive and retain the clipdevice 10 in the delivery configuration for delivery through thepatient's body. The inner shaft 404 can be releasably connected to aconvenient location on the clip device, as the tensioning mechanism 14as shown. The shaft 404 can be used to manipulate or adjust the positionof the clip device 10 relative to the sheath 402 and the implantationlocation. For example, the shaft 404 can be used to deploy the clipdevice 10 from the sheath 402, move the clip device distally andproximally relative to the implantation location, and/or rotate the clipdevice relative to the implantation location. The second shaft 406 canbe releasably coupled to the proximal end portion 58 of the screw 32 ofthe tensioning mechanism 14. The second shaft 406 can be rotatedrelative to the first shaft 404 by a user to rotate the screw 32 andadjust the tension on the cords 22 a, 22 b. The proximal end portions ofthe sheath 402, the first shaft 404, and the second shaft 406 can becoupled to a handle of the delivery apparatus, which can includeappropriate controls (e.g., knobs) that allow a user to control movementthe sheath 402, the first shaft 404, and the second shaft 406.

The delivery apparatus 400 and a clip device 10 contained within thesheath 402 can be introduced into a patient's vasculature (e.g., via thefemoral artery or other suitable access point) and percutaneouslyadvanced to the patient's heart with a leaflet clip device 402 using anyof various delivery techniques. In a transfemoral procedure, thedelivery apparatus 400 can be inserted through a femoral artery and theaorta to the heart in a retrograde direction (typically, but notexclusively used for deploying a clip on the leaflets of the aortic ormitral valves). Similarly, the delivery apparatus 400 can be insertedthrough a femoral vein and the vena cava to the right side of the heartin an antegrade direction (typically, but not exclusively used fordeploying a clip on the leaflets of the pulmonary or tricuspid valves).In a transventricular procedure, the delivery apparatus 400 can beinserted through a surgical incision made in the chest and on the barespot on the lower anterior ventricle wall (typically, but notexclusively used for deploying a clip on the leaflets of the aortic ormitral valves). Similarly, the delivery apparatus 400 can be insertedthrough a surgical incision on the wall of the right ventricle to accessthe pulmonary or tricuspid valves. In a transatrial procedure, thedelivery apparatus 400 can be inserted through a surgical incision madein the wall of the left or right atrium to access the native valves onthe left or right sides, respectively, of the heart. In a transaorticprocedure, the delivery apparatus 400 can be inserted through a surgicalincision made in the ascending aorta and advanced toward the heart(typically, but not exclusively used deploying a clip on the leaflets ofthe aortic or mitral valves). In a transseptal procedure, the deliveryapparatus 400 can be advanced to the right atrium, such as via a femoralvein, and through the septum separating the right and left ventricles(typically, but not exclusively used for deploying a clip on theleaflets of the aortic or mitral valves). Further details of deliverytechniques for accessing the native valves of the heart are disclosed inU.S. Patent Publication No. 2014/0067052, which is incorporated hereinby reference.

Once located proximate the desired heart valve, the leaflet clip device10 can then be deployed from the sheath 402, such as by pushing the clipdevice 10 distally from the sheath 402 using the shaft 404 and/orretracting the sheath 402 relative to the clip device. Once the clipdevice is deployed from the sheath, the clip device can be advanceddistally, retracted proximally, and/or rotated as needed to position theleaflet clip device 10 such that a pair of first and second leaflets arepositioned generally within the primary clipping region 24 with thefirst leg portion 28 adjacent one of the leaflets and the second legportion 30 adjacent the other leaflet.

The delivery apparatus can be used to adjust the tensioning mechanism 14until the desired predetermined implantation configuration is achievedwith the leaflets engaged and pinched between the leg portions 28, 30.For example, the user can rotate the shaft 406, which rotates the screw32, thereby increasing tension on the cords 22 a, 22 b until theimplantation configuration is achieved.

In alternative embodiments, a clip device can comprise multiple clippingmembers that are configured to engage multiple pairs of native leaflets.As shown in FIG. 4, for example, a leaflet clip device 300 comprises anannular ring having three clipping members 302, 304, 306 spacedapproximately 120 degrees from each other, each configured to beimplanted on a pair of native leaflets, such as at a commissure of thenative valve. The clip device 300 can comprise a tubular structure andbe formed from, for example, a shape-memory material (e.g., Nitinol) ora plastically-deformable material (e.g., stainless steel or cobaltchromium alloy). In other embodiments, the clip device can comprise anannular ring having two clipping members spaced approximately 180degrees from each other, such as for implantation on the leaflets of thenative mitral valve.

In still alternative embodiments, the clip device can comprise an openring (i.e., a ring that extends less than 360 degrees) having a numberof clipping members that is less than the number of native leaflets ofthe valve in which the device is to be implanted. For example, the clipdevice can comprise an open ring having two clipping members spacedapproximately 120 degrees from each other and is configured to engagetwo pairs of native leaflets but not the third pair of native leaflets.

A leaflet clip device can include any one of a number of differenttensioning mechanisms configured to apply tension to one or more cordsdisposed within a clipping member and/or transform the clipping memberfrom a delivery configuration to an implantation configuration. Forexample, FIGS. 5 and 8-12 illustrate various embodiments of a leafletclip device having different tensioning mechanisms.

FIG. 5 illustrates a leaflet clip device 500, according to anotherembodiment. The leaflet clip 500 comprises a tensioning mechanism 502and a clipping member 504 defining a lumen 506. The tensioning mechanism502 can comprise one or more fasteners 508. One or more cords 510 can bedisposed within the lumen 506 and can be attached at their distal endportions 512 to respective locations on the clipping member 504, asdescribed above in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1. The one ormore cords 510 can pass through the fastener 508 and can have proximalend portions connected to a delivery apparatus and/or extending outsideof the patient's body. The fastener 508 (such as a suture clip) can beadvanced over the cords 510 in the direction indicated by arrow 516 andpushed against an intermediate portion 514 of the clipping member 504 soas to retain tension on the cords. The portions of the cords proximal tothe clipping member 504 can be severed with the delivery apparatus oranother tool.

The fastener 508 can be a suture clip, or another type of fastener thatcan be deployed from a catheter and secured to a suture within thepatient's body. Various suture clips and deployment techniques forsuture clips that can be used in the methods disclosed in the presentapplication are disclosed in U.S. Publication Nos. 2014/0031864 and2008/0281356 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,628,797, which are incorporated hereinby reference. In the case of a slideable fastener, the fastener 508 canbe movable along the cords 510 in a distal direction toward the clippingmember, and configured to resist movement in a proximal direction alongthe cords in the opposite direction. Thus, once placed against theclipping member, the fastener 508 can resist the cords 510 pullingthrough the fastener under the tension of the cords. In this manner, thefastener 508 serves as a retaining member to assist in maintaining theshape of the clipping member in the implantation configuration.

The delivery apparatus can include a mechanism configured to adjust thetension applied to the cords 510 until the desired predeterminedimplantation configuration is achieved. For example, the cords 510 canbe releasably coupled to respective shafts or other components that canbe controlled by a user. The delivery apparatus can also include amechanism for deploying the fastener 508 onto the cords and/or advancingthe fastener 508 over the cord until it abuts the clipping member.

FIG. 8 illustrates a leaflet clip device 600, according to anotherembodiment. The clip device 600 comprises a tensioning mechanism 602 anda clipping member 604 defining a lumen 606. The tensioning mechanism 602can comprise one or more fasteners 608 (e.g., suture clips) and a pulleysystem 610 comprising one or more pulley wheels or sheaves 612 disposedwithin the lumen 606. One or more cords 614 can be disposed within thelumen 606 and attached at their distal end portions 616 to respectivelocations on the clipping member 604, as described above in connectionwith the embodiment of FIG. 1. The one or more cords 614 can passthrough the fastener 608 that allows for one directional movement of thecords 614 through the fastener. As shown, the cords 614 can be weavedaround the wheels 612 as they extend through the lumen.

The delivery apparatus can include a mechanism that allows tension to beapplied to the cords 614 within the clipping member 604 until thedesired predetermined implantation configuration is achieved and amechanism to deploy and advance the fastener 608 over the cords 614, asdiscussed above in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 5. The use ofpulley wheels 612 to support the cords 614 in advantageous in that itsignificantly reduces the force required to deform the clipping memberto the implantation configuration by application of tensile forces onthe cords. The pulley wheels 612 are also positioned at strategiclocations within the lumen to promote flexing of the clipping member atthe desired locations upon application of tension on the cords. Otheruses of a pulley system could further distribute the tension force/loadon the cords depending upon the needs of the procedure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a leaflet clip device 700, according to anotherembodiment. The clip device 700 comprises a tensioning mechanism 702 anda clipping member 704 defining a lumen 706. The tensioning mechanism 702can comprise a screw 708 and a nut 710 disposed on the screw, similar tothe tensioning mechanism 14 of FIG. 1. Instead of a separate housing forthe tensioning mechanism, the screw 708 can be at least partiallydisposed within the lumen 706 of the clipping member. Two walls orprojections 718 can be located on opposite sides of the nut 710 withinthe lumen 706 to contact and prevent rotation of the nut 710 uponrotation of the screw 708.

One or more cords 712 can be disposed within the lumen 706 and can beattached at their distal end portions 714 to respective locations on theclipping member 704, as described above. The cords 712 can be attachedat their proximal end portions to the nut 710. As such, rotation of thescrew 708 is effective to move the nut 710 axially along the screw toadjust the tension on the cords, as described in detail above inconnection with the embodiment of FIG. 1.

The tensioning mechanism 702 can include a retaining or lockingmechanism in the form of a variable-pitch screw. As best shown in FIG.10, for example, the screw 708 can include a first threaded portion 720having threads defining a first pitch and a second threaded portion 722having threads defining a second pitch, smaller than the first pitch.The nut 710 has internal threads that correspond to the threads of thefirst threaded portion 720 and can move axially along the screw uponrotation of the screw. The internal threads of the nut 710 aresubstantially different from the threads of the second threaded portion722 (e.g., the threads are larger and/or have a smaller pitch than thethreads of the second threaded portion) such that when the nut 710reaches the second threaded portion 722, a mechanical interferenceoccurs that resists further movement of the nut to assist in retainingthe clipping member in its deformed state.

FIG. 11 illustrates a leaflet clip device 800, according to anotherembodiment. The clip device 800 comprises a tensioning mechanism 802 anda clipping member 804 defining a lumen 806. The tensioning mechanism 802can comprise a worm screw 808 and a worm wheel or gear 810 engaged withthe screw 808. The screw 808 and the wheel 810 can be mounted within thelumen 806 with the proximal end portion of the screw 808 exposed outsideof the clipping member for connection to a delivery apparatus or toolused for rotating the screw. Rotation or torque on the worm screw 808 isconverted to rotation or torque on the worm wheel 810.

One or more cords 812 can be disposed within the lumen 806 and can beattached at their distal ends 814 to respective locations on theclipping member 804, as previously described. The one or more cords 812can be attached at their proximal end portions to a central shaft 816 ofthe worm wheel 810. A mechanism in the delivery system (e.g., a torqueshaft) can rotate the screw 808, causing the worm wheel 810 and theshaft 816 to rotate. As the worm wheel 810 is rotated, tension isapplied to the one or more cords 812 as the slack in the cords becomewrapped around the shaft 816. A single worm wheel 810 can be used toapply tension to multiple cords 812, as shown. In alternativeembodiments, first and second worm wheels 810 can be mounted onrespective shafts on opposite sides of the screw 808 with each wheel 810connected to a respective cord 810 that extends through that side of theclipping member. Tension can be applied to the one or more cords 812within the clipping member 804 until the desired predeterminedimplantation configuration is reached.

FIG. 12 illustrates a leaflet clip device 900, according to anotherembodiment. The clip device 900 can comprise a tensioning mechanism 902and a clipping member 904 defining a lumen 906. The tensioning mechanism902 can comprise a central bevel gear 908 and one or more side bevelgears 910, for example disposed on either side of the central bevel gear908. Each side gear 910 can be mounted on a respective shaft 916 or acommon shaft that extends through both side gears 910. The gears 908,910 can be mounted in the lumen 906 except that a shaft portion 909 ofthe central gear 908 can be exposed outside of the clipping member forconnection to a delivery apparatus or tool used for rotating the screw.Rotation or torque of the central gear 908 (by rotating the shaftportion 909) is converted to rotation or torque on the two side gears910.

One or more cords 912 can be disposed within the lumen 906 and can beattached at their distal end portions 914 to respective locations on theclipping member 904 as previously described. Each of the one or morecords 912 can be attached at its proximal end portion to a shaft 916 ofa respective side gear 910. A mechanism in the delivery system (e.g., atorque shaft) can rotate the central gear 908, causing the side gears910 to rotate. As the side gears 910 rotate, tension is applied to theone or more cords 912 as slack in each cord is wrapped around arespective shaft 916. Tension can be applied to the one or more cords912 within the clipping member 904 until the desired predeterminedimplantation configuration is reached.

In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of thedisclosed technology can be applied, it should be recognized that theillustrated embodiments are only preferred examples and should not betaken as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Rather, the scope of thedisclosure is defined by the following claims.

1. A valve repair system for repairing a native valve of a patient, thevalve repair system comprising: a delivery apparatus having at least onelumen; a leaflet clip device couplable to the delivery device, theleaflet clip device comprising: an elongated clipping member having afirst end portion and a second end portion; a tensioning mechanism; oneor more tensioning members operatively connected to the tensioningmechanism to transform the clipping member from a delivery configurationto an implantation configuration, the one or more tensioning memberscomprising: a first tensioning member having a proximal end portion thatis operatively connected to the tensioning mechanism and a distal endportion that is connected to the first end portion of the clippingmember; and a second tensioning member having a proximal end portionthat is operatively connected to the tensioning mechanism and a distalend portion that is connected to the second end portion of the clippingmember.
 2. The valve repair system according to claim 1, wherein the atleast one lumen of the delivery apparatus is sized to receive theleaflet clip device and retain the elongated clipping member of theleaflet clip device in the delivery configuration for delivery throughthe patient's body.
 3. The valve repair system according to claim 2,wherein the delivery apparatus comprises a first shaft and a secondshaft that extend through the lumen.
 4. The valve repair systemaccording to claim 3, wherein the first shaft is coupled to the leafletclipping device such that a user can move the first shaft to move theleaflet clipping device within the at least one lumen of the deliveryapparatus, and wherein the second shaft is coupled to the tensioningmechanism of the leaflet clip device such that a user can rotate thesecond shaft to move the elongated clipping member between the deliveryconfiguration and the implantation configuration.
 5. The valve repairsystem according to claim 4, wherein proximal ends of the first andsecond shafts are coupled to a handle of the delivery apparatus.
 6. Thevalve repair system according to claim 1, wherein the leaflet clipdevice further comprises a retaining mechanism disposed within a lumenof the clipping member, wherein the retaining mechanism retains theshape of the clipping member in the implantation configuration.
 7. Thevalve repair system according to claim 6, wherein the retainingmechanism comprises a first locking member and a second locking memberfor retaining the shape of the elongated clipping member in theimplantation configuration, and wherein transformation of the elongatedclipping member to the implantation configuration allows movement of thefirst locking member and the second locking member relative to eachother.
 8. The valve repair system according to claim 1, wherein theimplantation configuration of the elongated clipping member comprises aprimary clipping region defined between two leg portions of theelongated clipping member, and wherein the primary clipping region isconfigured to capture a pair of leaflets such that adjacent surfaces ofthe leaflets contact one another.
 9. The valve repair system accordingto claim 1, wherein the tensioning mechanism is centrally coupled to theelongated clipping member with respect to the first and second endportions of the elongated clipping member.
 10. The valve repair systemaccording to claim 1, wherein rotation of at least a portion of thetensioning mechanism causes tensioning of the one or more tensioningmembers.
 11. The valve repair system according to claim 1, wherein theone or more tensioning members comprise at least one of a wire, astrand, a fiber, or a filament.
 12. A valve repair system for repairinga native valve of a patient, the valve repair system comprising: adelivery apparatus having at least one delivery lumen; a leaflet clipdevice coupleable to the delivery device, the leaflet clip devicecomprising: a clipping member comprising a body having a lumen and twoleg portions formed as part of the body, wherein the clipping member canbe transformed between a substantially linear delivery configuration andan implantation configuration in which the leg portions are drawn towardeach other; a tensioning mechanism configured to transform the clippingmember from the delivery configuration to the implantationconfiguration; and one or more cords disposable within the lumen of theclipping member and extending to the two leg portions, wherein the oneor more cords are operatively connected to the tensioning mechanism totransform the clipping member from the delivery configuration to theimplantation configuration.
 13. The valve repair system according toclaim 12, wherein the delivery lumen of the delivery apparatus is sizedto receive the leaflet clip device and retain the clipping member of theleaflet clip device in the delivery configuration for delivery throughthe patient's body.
 14. The valve repair system according to claim 13,wherein the delivery apparatus comprises a first shaft and a secondshaft that extend through the delivery lumen.
 15. The valve repairsystem according to claim 14, wherein the first shaft is coupled to theleaflet clipping device such that a user can move the first shaft tomove the leaflet clipping device within the delivery lumen of thedelivery apparatus, and wherein the second shaft is coupled to thetensioning mechanism of the leaflet clip device such that a user canrotate the second shaft to move the clipping member between the deliveryconfiguration and the implantation configuration.
 16. The valve repairsystem according to claim 12, wherein the leaflet clip device furthercomprises a retaining mechanism disposed within the lumen of theclipping member, wherein the retaining mechanism retains the shape ofthe clipping member in the implantation configuration.
 17. The valverepair system according to claim 16, wherein the retaining mechanismcomprises a first locking member and a second locking member forretaining the shape of the clipping member in the implantationconfiguration, and wherein transformation of the clipping member to theimplantation configuration allows movement of the first locking memberand the second locking member relative to each other.
 18. The valverepair system according to claim 12, wherein the implantationconfiguration of the clipping member comprises a primary clipping regiondefined between the two leg portions of the clipping member, and whereinthe primary clipping region is configured to capture a pair of leafletssuch that adjacent surfaces of the leaflets contact one another.
 19. Thevalve repair system according to claim 12, wherein rotation of at leasta portion of the tensioning mechanism causes tensioning of the one ormore cords.
 20. The valve repair system according to claim 12, whereinthe one or more cords comprise a first cord and a second cord, whereinthe first cord has a proximal end portion that is operatively connectedto the tensioning mechanism and a distal end portion of a first legportion of the two leg portions of the clipping member, and wherein thesecond cord has a proximal end portion that is operatively connected tothe tensioning mechanism and a distal end portion that is connected to asecond leg portion of the two leg portions of the clipping member.
 21. Amethod of reducing regurgitation through a native heart valve,comprising: delivering a leaflet clip device to the native heart valvewith a delivery apparatus, wherein the leaflet clip device comprises aclipping member, a first tensioning member, and a second tensioningmember, the first tensioning member fixed to a distal end portion of afirst end portion of the clipping member and the second tensioningmember fixed to a distal end portion of a second end portion of theclipping member; extending the leaflet clip device outside a deliverylumen of the delivery apparatus; positioning the leaflet clip deviceadjacent the coaptation edges of two adjacent leaflets of the nativeheart valve; and applying tension to the tensioning members of theleaflet clip device to transform the clipping member from a firstconfiguration to a second configuration in which the coaptation edges ofthe leaflets are captured by the clipping member.
 22. The methodaccording to claim 21, wherein the coaptation edges of the leaflets arecaptured between first and second leg portions of the clipping membersuch that the coaptation edges contact one another.
 23. The methodaccording to claim 21, wherein the clipping member has a substantiallylinear shape in the delivery configuration.
 24. The method according toclaim 23, wherein the extending of the leaflet clip device outside thedelivery lumen of the delivery apparatus comprises moving the firstshaft distally relative to the delivery apparatus, and wherein theapplying tension to the tensioning members of the leaflet clip devicecomprises rotating the second shaft.